ISI DUNYO

Puppet art form in the original Hindu culture arose before entry in Indonesia, and start growing in the era of Hindu Javanese.
The show is a puppet of the remains of the Javanese religious ceremony that is the remnants of animism and belief dynamisme. About the origins of adult puppet until this is still a problem that has not been completely terpecahkan. However, many experts began trying to track the history of puppets and the problem was very interesting as a source or object of research. According to the Book Centini, about the origins Purwa puppet puppet arts mentioned that, once initially created by the King of the Kingdom of Jayabaya Mamenang / Kediri


Sektar century to the 10 King Jayabaya trying to create a picture of the spirit leluhurnya and digoreskan Lontar on the leaves. The form of a description of the puppet is imitated relief image of the Ramayana story in the temple in Blitar upgrading. Ceritera Ramayana is very interesting because of concern including penyembah Jayabaya god Vishnu who is faithful, even by people considered to be the embodiment or bead Batara Vishnu. Figure leaders described for the first time is Batara Guru or Sang Hyang Jagadnata the manifestation of god Vishnu.

The period of the next era in Jenggala, the creation of puppet growing. Since the King Jenggala Sri Lembuami noble died, the government held by the named puteranya Raden Panji Rawisrengga and Sri Suryawisesa title. During the power-ahead Suryawisesa Sri puppet Purwa perfect shape. Wayang puppet-ciptaannya results are collected and stored in a beautiful box. The grip also created Ceritera Purwa puppet. Each ceremony is important in the palace held Pagelaran Wayang Purwa and Sri Suryawisesa own act sebagal dalangnya.

The relative Pagelaran help his family and act as penabuh gamelan. At that time Pagelaran Purwa puppet is accompanied with the gamelan slendro barrel. After Sri Suryawisesa died, replaced by the puteranya Raden Kudalaleyan the title Suryaamiluhur. During his reign he also improved the Wayang humming. Images from the puppet leaves the creation Lontar leluhurnya moved on with the paper still retains the form of the leaf Lontar. With the picture painted on the puppet of this paper, there is every important ceremony was held in the Palace environment Pagelaran puppet.

At the time of Majapahit business description puppet figure on paper to be added to the parts of the small digulung become one. Puppet-shaped coil, and will be played when the coil must dibeber. Therefore, this common type of puppet puppet called Beber. Since the creation of puppet Beber is also seen that the scope of traditional performance art is not merely an art Palace, but even extended to the environment outside the palace even though is still very limited. Since then people outside the Palace environment was also participate to enjoy the beauty. Pagelaran when performed in the palace accompanied by gamelan slendro barrel. But when Pagelaran performed outside the palace, the iringannya just a fiddle and lakonnya limited to any act Murwakala, the act specifically for the ceremony Ruwatan. During the government of King Brawijaya last chance once was a prince who has the skill to paint, the painting Prabangkara Raden. This talent puteranya used by King Brawijaya menyempurkan to exist with the cat puppet Beber. Tint's puppet is adapted to existence and dignity of the figures that, for example, the king, knight, Priest, Dewa, Punakawan and others. Thus, in the end the kingdom of Majapahit, the puppet Beber Semarak more. Since the fall of Majapahit kingdom sengkala; Geni murub siniram creature (1433 / 1511 F), the puppet and its gamelannya diboyong to Demak. This is because the Sultan of Demak Syah Alam Akbar I really like art and music and puppet show.

At that time the pursuer Islam is thought that the gamelan and wayang is forbidden because of the smell Hindu. The occurrence of differences between the views and attitudes like forbid have a very important influence on the development of the puppet art itself. To remove the impression that all smell Hindu and worship the statue impression, the idea arose to create a new puppet in the form with the new image of human existence. Thanks to the tenacity and skill of the entrant who like Islamic art puppets, especially the Guardian, successfully created a new form of Wayang Purwa buffalo skin with the material be diluted with a slightly sloping face is depicted, the size of a hand-in is longer than the size of human hands, so to dikaki . Wayang kulit kerbauini given from basic white color which is made of a mixture of glue and bone meal, while the clothes in the paint with ink.

At that time a change occurs in a large-scale include pewayangan. Besides the form of a new puppet, also changed pakelirannya techniques, namely the practice of screen / display, take the banana tree as a means to stick puppet, blencong practice as a means of light, take the box as a means to save the puppet. And also created a special tool to hit the box called mobile. However in practice Pagelaran still play standard Fiber from the Ramayana and Mahabarata, but there are start-here included elements of propaganda, although still in the form of self pasemon or in the form of symbol-symbol. The puppet that is a source Beber, Pagelaran issued from the palace and still dipagelarkan environment outside the palace.

In the era of Sultan Alam Syah Sultan Akbar III or Trenggana, the embodiment of the puppet skin color. Forms of raw materials ranging from puppet created. For example, the form of eye, introduced two kinds of liyepan or a similar picture of unhulled rice paddy or similar person who is sleepy. Telengan eyes and the puppet in the eye globe. Look more flamboyant puppet again because diprada with the golden color of paint.

At the time, she also Susuhunan Queen's Single Giri, wish to create other types of puppet that is Gedog puppet. Form the basis Gedog puppet from puppet Purwa. The difference can be seen that the figures for men wearing sketch. Principal act is four brothers country, namely Jenggala, Mamenang / Kediri, Ngurawan and Singasari. According to Dr. G.A.J. Hazeu, mentioned that the word "Gedog" means horse. Thus the understanding of the Wayang Gedog is a puppet-show Ceritera Ceritera heroism from "Kudawanengpati" or a more famous as the Panji Kudhawanengpati. The puppet on Gedog accompanied by gamelan pelog. Sunan Kudus one of the Guardians in the puppet set Gedog only dipagelarkan in the palace. Because the puppet Gedog only dipagelarkan in the palace, the Sunan Bonang puppet that was created as a spectacle of the people, namely to create puppet Damarwulan. Act as a principal is Ceritera Damarwulan a range of events on the crisis during the Majapahit kingdom Ayu Ratu Kencana Wungu, due to the rebellion, called the Regent Blambangan Minak Jinggo.

To complete the type of puppet show that already exist, Sunan Kudus Golek puppet created from wood. Story taken from pakemnya puppet Purwa and accompanied by gamelan Slendro, but only consists of the gong, kenong, percussion, kendang, kecer and fiddle. Sunan Kalijaga not also, to enliven the art of puppetry at the time by creating Topeng made of wood. Main ceriteranya taken from the grip Gedog puppet who finally called the mask Panji. Form of the eye mask is made with similar Purwa puppet. In the kingdom of Mataram by Panembahan be Senapati or Sutawijaya, held the form of improvements and Purwa puppet puppet Gedog. Wayang puppet ditatah smooth and Gedog equipped with the keris.
Besides, both puppet and puppet Purwa given Gedog shoulder and hand and given a separate stalk. During the government of Sultan Agung Anyakrawati, Wayang Beber that facilities used for the ceremony Ruwatan Purwa replaced by a puppet and was valid until now. At the time, she also created some of the giant figures who previously did not have, among other Buto Cakil. Like a giant face, usually appear in the scene Kembang War or War Bambangan.

Cakil embodiment is a blind sengkalan that read: Hand Prosecutor Satataning creature (1552 A / F 1670). In Pagelaran Purwa puppet figure is a symbol of blind Cakil savage wrath. Purwa puppet form completion by Sultan Agung to end with the making of the giant figures who called blind Hair Geni, which is sengkalan which sounds Urubing Wayang Gumulung Single: (A 1553 / 1671 M). Around 17th century, Raden cry from Surabaya to create puppet Klitik, the puppets are made from thin wood, like a puppet Purwa. Pagelarannya used in the grip of Ceritera Damarwulan, The implementation is done in the afternoon.
In the year 1731 Sultan Hamangkurat I created the other puppets in the form of the puppet Wong. Wayang wong is a puppet of a human practice with the device or clothing that is made similar to the clothing of the wayang kulit.

The practice in the grip originate from the Ramayana and Fiber Fiber Mahabarata. Differences with puppet puppet Wong Topeng are at play, the puppet from Wong active dialogue; Topeng dialog puppet while the perpetrators carried out by the manipulator.
At the time of Sri Hamangkurat IV; he can heritage Scripture Fiber and Fiber Pustakaraja Madya Witaraja from Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsito. The contents of the book menceriterakan history Aji Pamasa or Prabu Prabu Kusumawicitra the bertahta in the country Mamenang / Kediri.
Then move in the Palace Pengging. The contents of this book inspire him to create a new puppet called Madya puppet. Of Madya Ceritera Wayang starting from Prabu Parikesit, the latest figures from the Kingdom to Mahabarata Ceritera Jenggala the dikisahkan Ceritera in Panji.
Madya puppet form, similar to the top of the puppet Purwa, are similar to the bottom of the form of puppet gedog. During the era between the Revolution physical year 1945 - 1949, attempt to carry a strong determination to maintain the independence of Indonesia pejuangan done in different ways.

One of the business is through art puppetry. Special stage for Ceritera-Ceritera struggle, the torch diciptakanlah puppet.
Wayang puppet The torch means, because the word also means that the torch as the torch is the tool used to illuminate the dark. The form of puppet torch, potongannya good clothes and clothes similar to those day-to-day.
Materials used to create a puppet spy who came from the skin have also comes from the wood flat. Have argued that while the puppet on the first torch was born in Madiun district in the created by one of the employees as well as lighting and dalangnya. There is no standard form of puppet torch, as always follow the development of the era. This is especially the way people dress has changed, especially pejabatnya.

Role in supporting Wayang EDUCATION Personality BANGSA.

The material, is a puppet of diverting entertainment that is reviewed in terms of both form and art pakelirannya. However, what is behind this tersurat are adiluhung value as implied in the fine spiritual.
The role of art in pewayangan is a dominant element. However, when examined in depth can be educative value which is very important in human life.
Elements appear in the form of education or pasemon omen. Therefore, until someone can see where the values depend on the ability of menghayati and mencerna forms of symbols or symbol in pewayangan. In story-such as whether a particular act that was taken from the Ramayana and Fiber Mahabarata actually taken lessons that can contain education. How the role of Art Wayang supporting education as a means of Personality, it will need to obtain a special review. Based on history, art puppet clearly born of the earth Indonesia. Nature of local genius of the Indonesian nation, the perfect mixing occurs foreign culture, so it does not feel as foreign.

Talking puppet arts in conjunction with the Personality of Education can not be separated from the review of puppet itself with the philosophy of life of the nation namely Indonesia Pancasila. Pancasila as the state philosophy of life and views of Indonesia, is a special characteristic that can differentiate the Indonesian nation with other nations. Pancasila is the norm that regulates behavior and perikehidupan nation. According to TAP MPR - No Rl. II / MPR/1993 on-Line Haluan The Big Country; that there ditandaskan to realize the national goals as set in the Opening of the 1945 Constitution. Ketetapan need to set the Line-Line Haluan of State that are based on aspirations for the nation and Personality penghayatan life and practice of democratic statesman - constitutional, based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.

The Personality of a special feature that is consistent from the Indonesian people who can provide a special identity, so that clearly can be distinguished with other nations. Formulation of Pancasila is officially defined as a legitimate philosophical view of life and state of Indonesia since the introduction of the 1945 Constitution as the Basic Law of the Republic of Indonesia. Opening in the 1945 Constitution paragraph 4 tercanang pancasila formula that reads:

Godhead is One God, Humanity and the just polite, Persatuan Indonesia. and democracy led by wisdom, wisdom in permusyawaratan / representatives, and with the realization of social justice for all Indonesian people. Pancasila as the soul in the set of the 1945 Constitution, the problem is not new in the world pewayangan.

* Principles of the One Godhead.

In a world figure who pewayangan known as "Hyang Suksma Kawekas" Figure this is never realized in the form of a puppet, but is recognized as a Top Dewa. Figure god - a god diwujud in the form of a puppet, for example: Batara Guru, Batara Narada, Batara Vishnu, Brahma Batara, Batara Kamajaya and others in pewayangan described as a normal human being. They will also be depicted character and temperament has a lot of persamaannya with ordinary people. In Ceritera-Ceritera they also often do wrong, do not even ask for help often forced people to confront certain things. Kekawin Arjunawiwaha for example, is a clear example. At the time Nirwatakawaca giant in a rage because Suralaya mean woo Dewi Supraba rejected the gods. The gods can not afford them. To secure the Suralaya the gods ask for help bagawan Mintaraga or bagawan Ciptaning the name of Arjuna when a hermit. As recompense for successful bagawan Ciptaning kill giant Nirwatakawaca given gifts and Dewi Supraba Pusaka Pasopati. Seen here that the absolute truth that is only owned the Top Dewa Hyang Suksma Kawekas. Teachings are not much different with teaching in the moral principle of the Godhead Esa
* Humanitarian Principles.

The soul of the moral Humanity, at the bottom for a teaching mengagung-agungkan norms of truth. That truth is above everything. Despite only absolute truth is in the hands of God, but to maintain a balance between human needs of life fostered a sense of awareness of grace.
Truth has a sincere nature unifersil means apply at any time, anywhere, by anyone also. Pewayangan figures in the world that have the nature of truth and character serve many. As an example can be quoted from Fiber Ramayana. Fiber in the Ramayana known son named Raden Alengka Wibisono that have character reflects the teachings of humanity.
Fiber core story in the Ramayana ranging crisis that occurred between the garnishee Dasamuka Prabu Rama's wife. Prabu Dasamuka action is considered to be outside the bounds of humanity. Raden Wibisono aware that, Prabu Dasamuka deemed in violation of human norms. Therefore Wibisono Raden Raden participate actively assist Rama to fight his brother own. For the sake of humanity Raden Wibisono willingly sacrificing their own relatives who are considered to be the wrong difihak.
* Unity Principles

In the world leaders who choose pewayangan national spirit reflected in the high self Kumbakarna figures depicted in the form of a giant, but you have a noble soul. As the younger brother of King Dasamuka, Kumbakarna have a different nature. Kumbakarna Prabu Dasamuka action against the garnishee, Rama's wife Dewi Sinta.
Against the same attitude with the attitude Raden Wibisono, but adopted a different way. Raden Wibisono opposed to the active side Raden Rama, but Kumbakarna still berfihak Alengka for the country. Intention not defend the brother of war, but somehow Alengka is a country that must be defended even though life should be forfeit.
Hence the name Kumbakarna tercanang as a sincere nationalist. Right or wrong is Alengka country.
* Principles populist / Kedaulatan people.

In a world pewayangan known figures punakawan named Semar. Semar is punakawan of the noble knight and budinya good pekertinya. As punakawan Semar is the servant, but soulless guardian, so that by the tournament Semar respected.
Appearance in the figure Semar pewayangan very prominent. Although in daily life is not more than a servant, but at the time Semar particular often act as advisors and a savior of the tournament at risk due to both human and fellow ulah due ulah the gods. In pewayangan Semar figure often seen as a god or gods ngejawantah the berujud man. According to the Fiber Kanda explained that Semar is actually the child Syang Hyang Tunggal originally called Batara Ismaya brother's old Batara Guru.
Semar as a god berujud human mengemban duty to maintain peace in the world's people as usual. The main tournament is noble to have any confidence when all the advice Semar will get happiness. Semar has considered the present sovereignty in the middle of the tournament as the upholder of truth and justice. In other words Semar is simbul people who are the source of sovereignty for the noble or powerful.
* Social Justice Principles

Element of justice in the world is represented in pewayangan Pandawa figures. Pandawa consisting of Puntadewa, Bima, Arjuna, and Nakula sadewa together ruled the State Amarta. Kelimanya described together and happy together suffer every Pandawa leaders have a different temperament characteristics between the one with the other, but in all natural lakunya always united in the face of all challenges. Puntadewa the old king is very popular as a fair and honest; diceriterakan even bleed white. Puntadewa considered Dewa Dharma bead that has a prominent character is always to the interests of other people, feeling very social.

Permanent exhibition space in the Museum of East Java Province MPU also show Tantular Collection Wayang Puppet Collection can be seen in Room VII, namely Space Art Collection

Type of Puppet Collection on display:

1. Wayang Gedog
Collections on display:
1. Raden Panji Inukertapab
2. Raden Panji Sinompradopo
3. Bancak
4. Doyok
5. Prabu Lembu Amiluhur
6. Aryo Joyosasono
7. Aryo Joyonagoro
2. Purwo east Javanese Wayang
Collections on display:
1. Puntodewo
2. Arjuno
3. Werkudoro
4. Kresno
5. Sencaki
6. Suyudono
7. Sengkuni
8. Dursosono
9. Bolodewo
10. Karno
3. Wayang Purwo Central Java
Collections on display:
1. Puntodewo
2. Arjuno
3. Nakulo
4. Sadewo
5. Werkudoro
6. Kresno
7. Suyudono
8. Dursosono
9. Indrajid
10. Kombokarno
4. Wayang Kulit Bangkalan
Collection yanq displayed:
1. Rama
2. Sinta
3. Lesmana
4. Sugriwa
5. Anoman
6. Dasamuka
7. Trijata
8. Sarpakenaka
9. Indrajid
10. Kombokarno
5.
1. Wayang Klitik Purwo
Collections on display:
1. Narodo
2. Durno
3. Jembawan
4. Bolodewo
5. Brotoseno
6. Kombokarno
2. Wayang Klitik Damarwulan
Collections on display:
1. Minakjinggo
2. Dayun
3. Browijoyo
4. Damarwulan
5. Layang Seto
6. Layang Kumitir
7. Noyo Genggong
6.
1. Wayang Golek Purwo
Collections on display:
1. Anoman
2. Bimo
3. Bodronoyo
4. Sumantri
5. Prahasto
6. Bolodewo
2. Wayang Golek Damarwulan
Collections on display:
1. Layang Kumitir
2. Meek Logender
3. Kencono Wungu
4. Damarwulan
5. Anjasmoro
6. Puyengan
7. Meek Tuban
8. Dayun
3. Wayang Golek Menak
Collections on display:
1. Dewi Rengganis
2. Umarmoyo
3. Umarmadi
4. Governor Abdullah Akbar
5. King Lamdaur
6. Menak Jayengrono

Source: taken from the book Nawasari News, October 1994